Saturday, 12 October 2013

LANGUAGE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF EMPOWERING AND FOSTERING VALUES


"0 Essence of Negligence! Myriads of mystic tongues find utterance in one speech, and myriads of hidden mysteries are revealed. In a single melody; yet, alas, there is no ear to hear, nor heart to understand.".

Language is made up of word and the universe itself is an expansion of the primal word. In both Rigveda and the Bible it is said that in the beginning, God  and singly God  existed. Then He uttered a wish "am One, may be many anHe became many". Thus from a word of God, a wish from His inner Self, this vast universe was formed.

But why did God create this universe? What purpose did He have to achieve? Because He is free from all needs.   The Holy Scriptures of the world all reply in one voice that He created us out of His love for us.  Only "love" was the propelling divine force.    Therefore, as the ''primal word" was uttered with the pure motive of love, all our linguistic pursuits and the overall instrumentalism of language  must be oriented to creating love, harmony, concord and unity among mankind.    This must be considered as the 'focal point' of using "language as an instrument of empowerment and fostering values" , the topic on which my this talk and presentation is centered on. Once again, let's derive inspiration from the uplifting words of Baha'u'llah  "Quaff from the tongue of the merciful the stream of divine mystery, and behold from the dayspring of divine utterance the unveiled splendor of the daystar of wisdom. Sow the seeds of My divine wisdom in the pure soil of the heart, and water them with the waters of certitude, that the hyacinths of knowledge and wisdom may spring up fresh and green from the holy city of the heart.".             If we are able to do this, we will have achieved our very purpose.

TOWARDSAGLOBALLANGUAGE

There are over 5000 languages spoken in the world today but there has also been a growing desire for adopting a universal language. The idea of a universal language is not new. It is as old as the Biblical story of Babel. Babel 's fall has the mythical point that there was once a time of a universal Adamic language. In Islam the Arabic language is the language of the Quran, and so universal for Muslims. The written classical Chinese language was and is still read widely but pronounced somewhat differently by readers in different areas of China, in Korea and Japan for centuries. Sanskrit in India was a universal literary language for many years. The Latin language was in effect a universal language of literati in the Middle Ages. The contemporary ideas on universal languages took form only in Early Modern Europe. A lingua franca or trade language was nothing very new; but an international auxiliary language was a natural wish in light of the gradual decline of Latin. Literature in vernacular languages became more prominent with the Renaissance. In the vast writings of Gottfried Leibniz can be found many elements relating to a possible universal language.

In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Founder of the Baha’i Faith (Baha'u'llah) called on the governments of the world to effect the establishment of an international auxiliary language. Since then, the international Baha’i community has promoted this goal, particularly through the United Nations, as a means off acilitating "the transition to a global society".

Adoption of one world language is a prerequisite to world unity.         Therefore it is one of the prime edifices of the new world order envisioned by the Messenger of God for this age.  He said :"Choose one of the


existing tongues, or originate a new one, and in like manner adopt a common script, teaching these to the children in all the schools of the world, that the world may become even as one land and one home."

About the time when this proposal was first given to the world, there was born in Poland a boy named Ludovic Zamenhof, who was destined to play a leading part in carrying it into effect. Almost from his infancy, the ideal of a universal language became a dominant motive in Zamenhof's life, and the result of his devoted labors was the invention and widespread adoption of the language known as Esperanto, which has now stood the test of many years and has proved to be a very satisfactory medium of international intercourse. It has the great advantage that it can be mastered in about a twentieth part of the time required to master such languages as English, French or German.

Anyway, the point is not to advocate Esperanto but that there should be an auxiliary international language so that we all can feel to be a member of a common motherland. Language is a man­ made device.  People invented language to foster communication and evolve relationships. In the primitive age, languages evolved according to the local needs, culture and understanding of the people and that is why there are so many different languages in the world.   Even in one country, there are several languages spoken and used. However, the need of the present time is quite different.  We are living today in a global society where human relationships are far more enhanced than yesterday. Today the prime challenge is to foster the unity of mankind in the diversity of a global village.  Since language is so essential for communication and so vital to develop a universal rapport, how can we achieve this aim until and unless we all know at least one international auxiliary language?

For  example,  the  United  Nations,  which  currently  uses  six  official  languages,  would  derive substantial benefit from either choosing a single existing language or creating a new one to be used as an auxiliary language.   Such a step has long been advocated by many groups, from the Esperantists to the  Baha'i International  Community  itself.  In addition to saving money  and simplifying bureaucratic procedures, such a move would go far toward promoting a spirit of unity.

One world language is a dream of tomorrow to which we should give our heart. The world cannot but adopt a single, universally agreed-upon auxiliary language and script to be taught in schools worldwide, as a supplement to the language or languages of each country. The objective would be to facilitate the transition to a global society through better communication among nations, reduction of administrative costs for businesses, governments and others involved in global enterprise, and a general fostering of more cordial relations between all members of the human family. How nice would the world look like then? When this is achieved, to whatsoever city a man may journey, it shall be as if he were entering his own home. Baha'u'llah said : "The earth is but one country, and mankind its citizens."  How will it look if the members of this one family all speak a language which the other member is not able to understand?   What sort of a family will it be?          
How will love be promoted among its members when nobody is aware of the sentiments and emotions of each other and when no consultation is possible when a problem arises?

LANGUAGE AS A LADDER TO UPLIFT HUMAN HEARTS

Since language is the medium of expression and communication, it should be brought to optimum use for fostering values and moral principles of human life.   In this context, the Baha’i writings attach great importance to the periods of childhood and youth, providing clear guidance to parents and communities to raise children in a nurturing and unambiguous environment.  The Language is going to play a vital role in this aspect on all levels: family, institutions and community.    The first requisite is therefore to cultivate a high linguistic sense among all the participants. The use of foul language should be strongly discouraged in families, institutions and communities. 
As Rita Brown said : " Language exerts hidden power, like a moon on the tides.  One more thing to be remembered is that the purity and chastity, greatness and loftiness of language is emanated from



the  greatness  of  thought. One  whose  thoughts  are shallow,  his  language  cannot  be heightened.   Have we ever thought what makes a great poet or a great author great ?                      
 Did Rabindranath Tagore, Leo Tolstoy, Valmiki, Dante or Tulsidas wrote on supernatural subjects?  No, they dwelt on the same emotions of human life which affect us everyday. Yet it was the loftiness of their thoughts that filtered through their language, penetrated souls of the millions and established their kingdom in countless human hearts. Shakespeare  was not unwise, therefore, to say:

My words fly up, my thoughts remain below
Words without thoughts never to heaven go.

It is clear at this juncture that language  is a ladder to uplift human hearts.  It is clear that language does not mean only a jumble of words.  Language is not something to be applied only to the sphere of literature.   Language is something through which we convey our thoughts and emotions in our daily life.   Without language we cannot express our love towards the other creatures.    Even when we want to express our love towards an animal, it is language which helps us though it may be a mute language, though it may be a sign language, but still it is LANGUAGE.     It is wise on our part, therefore, that such a powerful device at our disposal should not go waste in wilderness but utilized to create a better world.

LANGUAGE AS A TOOL FOR EMPOWERMENT


Everything starts from a thought.  As we know, even the creation of this vast universe began from a thought from God.  Thoughts are very powerful but they need language.  If this powerful tool called language is used for instilling great thoughts then its purpose is solved.   In this way, language can be used as a tool for empowerment and personal transformation and its emphasis should primarily be on children and youth because they are like green and tender branches who can be molded in the desired direction.

Using the wonderful powers of language, children and youths should be encouraged to develop a strong sense of purpose, empowering their own transformation and leading them to contribute to the advancement of society. Young people's spiritual capacity, the basis  for  their own happiness and sense of well-being, is a powerful force for social change.They aim to build a strong moral framework that will assist children to achieve excellence in material, intellectual, and spiritual aspects of life.

Baha'u'llah said : "Regard man as a mine rich in gems of inestimable value. Education can, alone, cause it to reveal its treasures, and enable mankind to benefit therefrom." Baha'u'llah, while mentioning the vital elements of education, always prescribed science, mathematics and literature as the prime disciplines to be focused on. He laid even more special emphasis on teaching children language and literature. Abdu'l-Baha, His appointed successor, further emphasized on the significance of literature. In a message of 1912 he said: "The function of language is to portray the mysteries and secrets of human hearts. The heart is like a box, and language is the key. Only by using the key can we open the box and observe the gems it contains." Therefore, the vital need is to bring forth these "mysteries and secrets of human hearts", the nobility and beauty that are part of every person's inborn nature.  Language must be as an instrument to create ideals of a healthy and prosperous society.

In brief, the ultimate aim in life of every human soul should be to attain moral and spiritual excellence to align one's inner being and outward behavior with the will of an all-loving Creator. Each individual has been bestowed with a unique destiny by God a destiny which unfolds in accordance with the free exercise of the choices and opportunities presented in life.




It is through the moral exercise of our divinely conferred free will that opportunities are provided for spiritual advancement. "All that which ye potentially possess can...be manifested only as a result of your own volition.". Language and literature play a vital role in educating people in a way and imbuing them with such lofty standards of mind that they can exercise their will power to choose what is good and conducive to their welfare.     This is why when we read a great literature,we feel to be in a state of trance that transgresses the narrow walls of this world and takes us to a lofty realm.   And that is why Shakespeare wrote :

The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven

Baha'u'llah sets before us the highest standard of morality and urges us to strive to attain it. To do so is the only path to true happiness and fulfillment. Our moral and spiritual advancement is therefore crucial to our well-being  in both this life and the next . As Baha'u'llah  counsels: "Possess  a  pure,  kindly  and  radiant  heart,  that  thine  may  be  a  sovereignty   ancient, imperishable and everlasting."  Language and literature are the most major means to lead us to that great height of rectitude.

THE MAJOR ROLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Until the time that humankind comes to a consensus whether Esperanto and any other existing language  becomes  the auxiliary  international  language,  English has already  gained  such status which imposes great challenges on this language in empowering the future generation. English has a wide preference in education at both school and college level too. There are all India level top-ranking institutions of agriculture, science, technology, management, medicine etc. It has been observed that most of the students who have studied in the public schools or Central schools are able to compete for admission to the all India level top institutions.  Those who study through other English medium schools get admission in the regional institutions of higher learning. The same is true for selections to all India top central civil services. Though there is an option for the use of prominent regional languages as medium, but English medium gets higher preference for some other reasons. An important reason being the availability of instructional materials in these languages. There have been recommendations for and against the change of medium of instruction in the all India type institutions. Education Commission Report (1964-66) is
The role of English in education is very significant in both school and college education. There is a preference for the study of English as a subject and its use as medium of instruction at different levels of education. There is a wide preference for oral and written communication
Skills in english in multinational companies, and private business. English is also preferred in the governmental organizations and public sectors too and is assigned certain functional roles. It is not out of place to consider the role of English in the expansion of education in India and language conflicts between English and other Indian languages. English came to India with the British. It was selected by the British primarily for their own administrative convenience, and for bringing India in the fold of the contemporary world of knowledge of science and technology required for its development. Keeping in view the diversity of languages in India, it was decided by the rulers to use English for imparting knowledge of European science, technology and literature. Thomas B. Macaulay felt that English should be the language in which the educated people in India would communicate with one another and with the British and through which they would acquire modern knowledge. The idea of using English as the medium of instruction was supported by eminent Indian intellectuals like Raja Ram Mohan Roy at that time.  After independence, the issues related to education and the role of English in it continued to be debated. Some kind of nationalist feelings were expressed against English. There was even a demand to abolish the public school system. The Constitutional provision for the replacement of



English by Hindi as the official language within stipulated time frame of 15 years {article 343) was projected as the conflict between English and Hindi as language of power.   Though the VIII schedule of the Constitution of India does not include English, this has not hampered the increasing use of English in education and its roles in other domains. The Supreme Court in its judgment in the Bombay Education Society case has ruled as early as in 1954 that English was as much as Indian language as any other. Keeping in view the needs of the current education system, increasing knowledge in the areas of science, technology and other fields, it is important to have an efficient  medium  for acquiring  it. In comparison  to the world's other languages, English has gained an advantageous  position. It is not only cultivated by the English mother tongue speakers but by others too.    Hence, English assumes  a major role in empowering children and youth and in adding values to human life.

Whatever be today but it seems that the tomorrow belongs  to English language  as a world language and its rich legacy will surely move the world one day.

Tina Olyai
Director LAHS

Gwalior

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